A potential source of pollution of Lake Baikal is about

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The Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS (ICM&MG SB RAS) has initiated large-scale research to prevent unutilized waste from the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill from entering Lake Baikal. A number of institutes from the Novosibirsk Scientific Center have been involved in the project.

6 million tons of industrial waste romania whatsapp resourcefrom the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, which was closed at the insistence of environmentalists in 2013. The bulk of the waste - about 5 million tons - is a product of cellulose processing - lignin sludge, a toxic, environmentally harmful material. Overflowing storage facilities are located next to the unique lake, the nearest one is 400 meters from the shoreline. Of particular danger are the Bolshaya and Malaya Osinovka rivers flowing from the Khamar-Daban ridge. Historical and modern mudflows have been observed along the river beds. Climate change has increased the likelihood of unfavorable scenarios. Surveys of the protective structures built in the 70s of the last century after the catastrophic mudflow have shown their dilapidation and unpreparedness to withstand the impacts of the elements.

"The Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, the Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, the Institute of Mining SB RAS, the Mudflow Association and Moscow State University, the Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, the Limnological Institute SB RAS and the Institute of System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS are participating in the comprehensive research program aimed at developing a project to protect Lake Baikal from industrial waste in the area of ​​the former pulp and paper mill. The project is coordinated by the director of the Irkutsk branch of the SB RAS, director of the Institute of System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS, Academician Igor Vyacheslavovich Bychkov. The project has received the support of the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Gennady Yakovlevich Krasnikov, the leadership of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, and issues of financing the research are currently being resolved. The first reconnaissance expedition took place in early July, which made it possible to assess the scale of the threats on site and outline the main stages of implementing a large-scale and extremely important project," said Igor Yeltsov, Deputy Director of Research at the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Magnesium Geology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

As Igor Yeltsov noted, one of the greatest dangers is the possibility of mudflows and landslides from the Khabar-Daban ridge along the rivers. In 1971, powerful mudflows destroyed residential buildings in Baikalsk, tens of kilometers of roads, and damaged the infrastructure of the Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Mill. The storage tanks with toxic waste were then only partially filled, the mudflow passed in critical proximity to nine settling ponds, and a catastrophe was miraculously avoided.

"The Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been tasked with creating a "digital twin" and conducting scenario calculations of mudflow formation that take into account global climate change, the associated precipitation level, and geomechanical and hydrodynamic characteristics of soils. By means of calculations for realistic mathematical models of mudflow formation and development, it is possible to play out various scenarios of this phenomenon. As one of the options, it was proposed to consider the possibility of creating a "controlled mudflow", the descent of which will reduce the threat of an emergency, as well as move accumulated materials from weak and especially dangerous places to specially prepared reservoirs. In this case, the models must be adapted to specific geological and geomorphological conditions and verified using data from in-kind and laboratory measurements. Here we will rely on the competencies of our colleagues from the interdisciplinary team.

As part of the implementation of our project block, we intend not only to calculate possible scenarios, but also to prepare information for specialists who will develop recommendations for making management and engineering decisions. Given the complexity and diversity of data, the scale and volume of the upcoming work on the project, it is expected to widely involve artificial intelligence methods, big data analysis methods, that is, to apply the developments and resources that we have been actively developing in recent years at the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS," said Igor Yeltsov.