2. The refugee crisis and hatred of those who are different

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Adorno and Horkheimer, authors of Critical Theory, analyzed the psychological and social bases of prejudice, such as xenophobia. According to them, “false projection” leads individuals to attribute negative characteristics to others that they cannot accept in themselves.

Thus, this dynamic reveals that hatred of foreigners does not arise from real threats, but from internal insecurities, amplified by fascist and ethnocentric ideologies.

Since 2015, the migration crisis in Europe has brought to light the rise of xenophobia in countries that have received refugees. Ultranationalist movements have grown, advocating the closing of borders and azerbaijan mobile database hate speech against immigrants.

Furthermore, countries such as Hungary and Poland have been criticized for their anti-migration policies, while Germany and Sweden have faced social tensions when taking in large numbers of refugees.

3. Xenophobia in Brazil: the Venezuelan issue
In Brazil, the migratory flow of Venezuelans in Roraima exemplifies how xenophobia manifests itself. Many refugees face discrimination and prejudice when seeking better living conditions. Reports of aggression and social rejection demonstrate how narratives of scarcity of resources are used to justify hatred of immigrants.

4. Literature and xenophobia
The Hate U Give (2017), by Angie Thomas, addresses racial discrimination in the United States, but also reflects on how prejudices, such as xenophobia, are structurally perpetuated.

Thus, another literary example is the book A Máquina de Fazer Espanhóis (2011), by the Portuguese author Valter Hugo Mãe, which deals with the rejection of immigrants in an aging and crisis-ridden Europe.