They explained that the keyboard
Posted: Wed Feb 12, 2025 10:56 am
Scientists say that a hack can be evidenced by the random switching on and off of the keyboard LEDs. This is one of the three main types of digital modulation On-Off Keying, in which the signal amplitude becomes zero when switched off and one when switched on. "In our case, binary frequency manipulation (B-FSK) is used to modulate the signal, one flicker frequency f0 to encode a logical zero (0) and a flicker frequency f1 to encode a logical one (1)," the Chinese information security experts report.
LED indicators are non-modulated, and data transmission will not necessarily be accompanied by flickering. The fact is that the LED indicator flickers for less than 50 ms and is therefore imperceptible to the human eye. Considering that the Num Lock key is always in working order, it is a constant channel for hidden data transmission. The only limitation of this method is the speed, which does not exceed 12 bits/s, but it will be enough for hackers if they want to "steal" encryption keys, for example.
The researchers also note that most routers and other network panama whatsapp data are equipped with more than one LED indicator, so data transfer can be significantly accelerated by using several diodes at once. During the tests, the experts recreated various attack scenarios and used multiple devices to intercept LED signals. The best result was achieved using optical sensors, as they are able to recognize LED signals at a higher speed, which allows for the creation of a high-speed data transfer channel - up to 1000 bits/s for one diode.
LED indicators are non-modulated, and data transmission will not necessarily be accompanied by flickering. The fact is that the LED indicator flickers for less than 50 ms and is therefore imperceptible to the human eye. Considering that the Num Lock key is always in working order, it is a constant channel for hidden data transmission. The only limitation of this method is the speed, which does not exceed 12 bits/s, but it will be enough for hackers if they want to "steal" encryption keys, for example.
The researchers also note that most routers and other network panama whatsapp data are equipped with more than one LED indicator, so data transfer can be significantly accelerated by using several diodes at once. During the tests, the experts recreated various attack scenarios and used multiple devices to intercept LED signals. The best result was achieved using optical sensors, as they are able to recognize LED signals at a higher speed, which allows for the creation of a high-speed data transfer channel - up to 1000 bits/s for one diode.